Yunnan legislates to strengthen the protection and development of climate resources： light, heat, rain and snow can also add value.
Scenery of Xi ‘er River in Ninger Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Pu ‘er City, Yunnan Province. Photo by Chen Fakun (People’s Vision)
Core reading
Climate resources refer to natural substances and energy such as sunlight, heat, cloud water, wind and atmospheric components that can be used by human production and life. Accurate record and analysis of climate resources is helpful to the development of characteristic agriculture, leisure tourism and other industries. For example, through analysis, the meteorological department determined that Pu ‘er City, Yunnan Province is suitable for growing small coffee; However, weather modification operations can reduce the losses caused by hail disasters.
Pu ‘er City, Yunnan, which is famous for its Pu ‘er tea, now has a new business card: among the eight counties (districts) in Yunnan that have been awarded the title of "China Natural Oxygen Bar", Pu ‘er City accounts for four. This title benefits from the local increasing attention to climate resources and careful statistics.
On January 1 this year, the Regulations on the Protection, Development and Utilization of Climate Resources in Yunnan Province (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) was formally implemented. According to the Regulations, climate resources refer to "natural substances and energy such as sunlight, heat, cloud water, wind and atmospheric components that can be used by human production and life". Luo Yuqing, deputy director of the Policy and Regulation Department of Yunnan Meteorological Bureau, said that Yunnan has complex topography, diverse climate types and extremely rich climate resources. The promulgation of the Regulations marks that the protection and utilization of climate resources in Yunnan has entered a standardized and legal track.
"pleasant climate", with quantitative standards.
Climate resources are a bit abstruse at first glance, but they are actually very specific. "How many days of rain and snow and how many degrees Celsius the temperature is in a year are all climate resource data. The future development of industries such as summer vacation, cold protection and health care cannot be separated from these data." Su Xiaoli, deputy director of Pu ‘er Meteorological Bureau, said.
"Said before ‘ The climate is pleasant ’ It is expected to be further quantified. " Su Xiaoli introduced that as early as 2016, Pu ‘er City took the urban heat island intensity variable as one of the evaluation indicators of Pu ‘er’s green economy, and all districts and counties in Pu ‘er City included the protection, development and utilization of climate resources in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" of cities, counties (districts).
By making full use of the climate characteristics of no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer, Pu ‘er organized the governments of counties (districts) to declare the creation of "China Natural Oxygen Bar", and four counties (districts) of Simao, Jingdong, Ninger and Zhenyuan were awarded the title of "China Natural Oxygen Bar". Meteorological data such as local average temperature, air humidity, air negative oxygen ion content, air quality, etc. collected by Yunnan Meteorological Bureau at several stations in Pu ‘er have become an important basis for Pu ‘er to develop tourism, recreation and holiday planning.
The "Regulations" clearly regards "protection priority" as an important principle for the protection, development and utilization of climate resources in Yunnan Province, and clarifies the connection between climate resources protection and utilization planning, land space planning and ecological environment protection planning. The "Regulations" propose that local governments should adopt supporting policies and measures according to the characteristics of local climate resources, encourage and guide relevant market players to rationally develop and utilize rain and snow landscapes, cloud landscapes, phenological landscapes, summer vacation, cold protection, health care and other climate resources, and develop tourism, vacation, health care and other industries.
At the same time, in view of the problems of destroying climate resources in many places, the Regulations clearly stipulate that new construction, renovation and expansion of buildings (structures) should take protective measures to prevent or mitigate the damage to the climate and environment, and avoid or mitigate the heat island effect, wind damage, lightning disaster, light pollution and gas pollution. "Urban planning and construction should make rational use of the meteorological conditions for the diffusion of air pollutants according to the results of climate feasibility demonstration, scientifically set up and adjust ventilation corridors, and avoid and reduce the detention of air pollutants." Luo Yuqing said.
Luo Yuqing introduced that the meteorological department of Yunnan Province will start the work of compiling the catalogue of planning and construction projects that need climate feasibility demonstration as soon as possible, and improve the supporting system of the Regulations.
What to plant and how to plant it, and plan it more carefully.
Rational utilization and development of climate resources is of great help to the development of characteristic agriculture.
It is understood that at present, the utilization rate of sunlight and land resources by planting in many places in Yunnan is still relatively low, and the regional characteristics are not obvious. The "Regulations" clearly require that the competent meteorological departments at or above the county level should organize agricultural and rural departments to do a good job in fine agro-climatic zoning and agro-meteorological disaster prevention.
Zhang Puli, a staff member of the Meteorological Bureau of Zhanyi District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, said that after the promulgation of the Regulations, the layout of the plateau characteristic planting industry can be rationally planned by evaluating the climate carrying capacity of the administrative region and its key areas and the potential for the development and utilization of climate resources, forming a planting industry gathering area. "Which area is most suitable for planting which crops will be supported by more specific climate data in the future."
"Pu ‘er City has strengthened the investigation and application of climate resources, and has compiled 17 refined agricultural climate divisions such as rubber, coffee, ecological tea, ancient tree tea and avocado." Su Xiaoli said.
Taking coffee as an example, the meteorological department collected data such as temperature, precipitation, altitude, humidity, etc. After analysis, it was determined that Pu ‘er City was very suitable for planting small-sized coffee. Southern Yunnan Coffee Meteorological Service Platform, Southern Yunnan Coffee Meteorological Service Website and Coffee Meteorological Service Mobile APP also provide better services for coffee growers.
"We will issue a special report on coffee meteorological service once a week, and issue disaster forecast and early warning push to remind farmers to take precautions in advance according to the attention factors of coffee in different growth periods and important weather processes." Su Xiaoli said that in addition to the conventional detection stations, Pu ‘er has built 285 rainfall monitoring points in the city, and established special agro-meteorological observation stations for coffee planting to obtain relevant meteorological elements, conduct timely analysis and improve the utilization capacity of climate resources.
In the first ten days of December, 2019, Pu ‘er experienced a frosty weather process due to the influence of cold air. At that time, it was the coffee fruit season, and the meteorological department made a special forecast service in advance to remind farmers to defend in advance. Many farmers built protective nets and other equipment in time, and used straw to smoke to increase the temperature, which effectively reduced the impact of freezing injury. Su Xiaoli said that this model is well received by farmers.
Weather modification, seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages.
For the utilization of climate resources, it is also reflected in the pursuit of advantages and avoidance of disadvantages. A prominent performance is the weather modification operation.
In recent years, weather modification has played an increasingly important role in preventing and mitigating meteorological disasters. The "Regulations" clearly require strengthening the construction of facilities and equipment for weather modification operation units and operation sites, and rationally utilizing cloud and water resources in the air.
In Yunnan, the hail disaster will bring a lot of losses to plateau characteristic agriculture every year. Weather modification can not only reduce disasters, but also increase rainfall in dry fields. Li Hongmei, a staff member of Yunnan Weather Modification Center, said that in 2018, Yunnan Meteorological Bureau carried out 46 aircraft precipitation enhancement operations and 150 ground precipitation enhancement operations around Erhai Lake in Dali, Cangshan Mountain and Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang, which effectively protected the ecological environment of Cangshan Mountain, improved the water quality of Erhai Lake, and increased the snow cover of Yulong Snow Mountain and water storage in the reservoir.
In May 2019, a staged drought occurred in Guangnan County, Yunnan Province, and severe convective weather occurred frequently in late May, which seriously affected the production of local flue-cured tobacco and some Da Chun crops. In order to alleviate the drought and avoid the hail hazard, Guangnan Meteorological Bureau seized the favorable weather, carried out hail suppression operations and increased artificial rainfall, which not only effectively alleviated the drought in the surrounding areas, reduced the meteorological grade of forest fire danger, but also avoided the occurrence of hail disasters.
The meteorological department’s analysis and utilization of climate resources also plays a great role in fire fighting. One of the effective ways to stop the fire is to strike a fire in the fire and excavate the isolation belt. How to dig the isolation belt is very particular. If it is too close to the fire, the isolation belt will come before the fire is dug. At this time, the monitoring of the meteorological department came in handy.
In May 2019, a forest fire broke out in Xiaowuyue Village, Bajie Street, Anning City, Yunnan Province. The Anning Meteorological Bureau launched an emergency plan and sent a team to the fire with meteorological monitoring equipment. "Through the analysis of information such as wind power, wind direction and fire head propulsion, combined with topography and forest vegetation, the excavation position is determined to provide decision-making basis for the fire prevention headquarters." Jinlong, deputy director of Anning Meteorological Bureau, said.