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On an early morning, at 9: 00 am on October 31st, Beijing time, the future of China football ushered in a turning point. Official website, the Asian Football Federation (AFC), released an important news, which aroused widespread concern and heated discussion from all walks of life. In the meeting between AFC President Salman and Chinese Football Association President Song Kai in Doha, he made it clear that he would fully support the revitalization of football in China.

In his statement, President Salman stressed that he had noticed the firm commitment made by President Song Kai at the China Football Association Congress to promote the reform and further development of China football. He reiterated that AFC will cooperate closely with China Football Association and fully support the revitalization plan of Chinese football.

This statement is undoubtedly a positive signal for China football. Looking back on the past few years, the performance of China football at all levels has not been as good as expected, especially in the arena of the national team, which has repeatedly disappointed fans. However, now the AFC executives personally express their support and are full of expectations and encouragement for the future of China football.

Football fans in China are full of expectation and excitement about this news. They firmly believe that with the strong support of AFC, China football will surely usher in a new development opportunity. People expect the national football team to show a higher level of competition and achieve better results in the future.

Once this news was released, it aroused widespread concern in all walks of life. Many media and fans have commented on this, and it is generally believed that this is a great opportunity for the development of football in China. With the strong support of AFC, China football is expected to achieve a long-awaited rise.

To sum up, AFC President Salman’s statement has opened a new page for the future of football in China. With the full support of AFC, we expect China football to create a more brilliant future and win glory for the country and people. At the same time, we also hope that China football can make continuous efforts to improve its own level and become the pride of the country.

This news is an exciting moment for China football. AFC President Salman’s clear statement has brought a new dawn to the future of football in China. First of all, it shows that China Football Association’s firm commitment in reform and development has been recognized and supported by international football organizations. This kind of international endorsement will provide a strong impetus for China football in terms of policy level and resource support, which is expected to promote the overall promotion of China football.

China football has been striving to improve its international competitive level, especially the performance of the national team. The full support of the AFC will provide more opportunities and better training and competition resources for China football, so as to help players and coaches to continuously improve their technical and tactical level. This will directly help the national team to be better in international competitions and make fans more proud.

China football fans are full of expectation and excitement after this news. They have always placed high hopes on the performance of the national team, and the commitment of the AFC seems to give them new hope. They believe that with the strong support of AFC, China football is expected to rise and achieve more brilliant results. This optimism and expectation will further inspire the support of fans and inject more positive energy into China football.

The widespread concern of this news and the positive response from all walks of life also show the importance of China football at home and abroad. Football has become a key focus in the international sports arena, and the rise of China will inject new vitality into Asian football. This will also strengthen the football cooperation between China and other Asian countries, promote the overall improvement of regional football, and help Asian football to be more competitive in international competitions.

Generally speaking, AFC President Salman’s statement has brought new opportunities and hopes to China football. This news has opened a new page for the future of football in China and made people look forward to the development of football in China. We expect China Football to make full use of this support, continuously improve its own level and become the pride of the country and people. This is also a moment to celebrate, marking the emergence of China football in the international football arena.

　　Unconsciously, the barbecue shops around us are becoming more and more subdivided: taking the northeast as an example, Qiqihar barbecue and Yanbian barbecue … … Regional characteristics have become a popular new "label" in the barbecue industry.

　　Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shandong have the most barbecue stores.

　　"Roasting" is an ancient cooking method. As one of its products, barbecue has also experienced a long development process. Today, barbecue has become an indispensable part of global food culture.

　　According to the relevant report of Red Meal Industry Research Institute, in recent years, the number of barbecue stores and the stock of related enterprises have both increased. By December 2023, the stock of barbecue-related enterprises in China had reached 116,000, a year-on-year increase of 12.8%. In terms of the number of stores, as of January 2024, the number of barbecue stores nationwide reached 164,000, a year-on-year increase of 2.4%.

　　Which provinces and cities prefer to eat barbecue? Barbecue stores are distributed in all regions of China, among which the number of stores in East China is far more than that in other regions, accounting for 29.6%. From the perspective of provincial administrative regions, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shandong have the largest number of barbecue stores, followed by Liaoning, Sichuan and Zhejiang.

　　Korean BBQ, Japanese BBQ and Chinese BBQ … … Which one do you like best? After years of development, the barbecue category has been subdivided into several tracks. According to the style of product taste, it can be roughly divided into Korean barbecue, Japanese barbecue, Chinese barbecue, Brazilian barbecue, Turkish barbecue and fusion barbecue. Among them, the first three are the three most popular barbecue categories in China.

　　In terms of price, statistics show that the per capita consumption price of brands in the range from 50 yuan to 100 yuan accounts for 65.6%, followed by those in the range from 100 yuan to 150 yuan and below 50 yuan, accounting for 17.5% and 11.1% respectively.

　　Innovative ingredients and barbecue group CP

　　The beef and mutton slaughtered on the same day, now cut and now mixed, combined with the dipping of nut powder, Qiqihar barbecue with strong salty taste has gained popularity on social platforms in the past year; Yanbian barbecue with Korean characteristics and sweet taste, with fruits and vegetables, mushrooms and Yunnan barbecue with different tastes dipped in water, all occupy an important position in the barbecue industry with distinctive regional characteristics.

　　Previously, Chinese barbecue mainly focused on Sichuan barbecue, Hunan barbecue and Northeast barbecue. In recent years, with the increasing demand of consumers, mining local barbecue has become an important strategy for barbecue brands to redo their categories. For example, the popularity of Qiqihar barbecue and Yanbian barbecue increased significantly last year, and many tourists "went to a city for a delicious meal".

　　While the barbecue category is subdivided, the barbecue products are further integrated and innovated. Some brands integrate the characteristics of other regions in products, tastes and baking methods to provide people with novel taste experience. For example, with regional snacks such as fried cakes and baked milk skins, or in the way of baking, iron plates, clay stoves, fried meat in water, barbecue on paper and so on are creatively introduced.

　　Some barbecue brands will learn from the application of ingredients in other catering categories and enrich consumers’ choices by launching related products. For example, goose liver introduced into western food, dry cooked beef, or beef cut according to the shoulder, rib and outer ridge of beef.

　　There are also some barbecue brands that continue to tap niche ingredients and make innovations in the combination of ingredients. For example, fruits such as litchi, mango, pineapple, and green raisin are added to the meat for roasting, which adds a touch of "exquisite" fruit aroma to the "heroic" barbecue.

　　Immersive scenes create a sense of atmosphere

　　Whether it’s a street shop full of rivers and lakes, a national trendy shop that combines traditional culture with modern trends, or a "one store, one concept" with different scene designs … … In recent years, many barbecue brands have sought breakthroughs in scene creation. They attract consumers by improving the dining environment and atmosphere, so that they can have a richer experience in the dining process.

　　In addition, some barbecue brands actively explore the barbecue takeaway business. In order to restore the experience of barbecue consumption to the store as much as possible, the packaging and oven have been upgraded. However, in the minds of consumers, barbecue take-out still needs to be improved in terms of ingredients, safety and packaging. Text/reporter Chen Si

Original title: Qi Baishi received a basket of cherries from his friends and gave back a bowl of cherries. After many years, the price of this bowl of cherries was tens of millions.

There is a famous artist and painter in China. He is gifted in painting. He was born in Xingdoutang, Xingziwu, Baishipu, Xiangtan, Changsha, Hunan Province. His name is Chun Zhi, and his word is Lan Ting. He is Qi Baishi.

I believe many people have heard the story of Qi Baishi when they were young, and they have also learned an article about Qi Baishi’s painting of dead shrimp in primary school textbooks. Qi Baishi was born at the end of feudalism, and his thoughts were still somewhat tight. He had a hard life since childhood, and eating was a problem, so these memories had a great impact on his later life.

Qi Baishi’s "haggle over every ounce" in painting

From ancient times to the present, everyone who has made great achievements in a certain field in China is broad-minded. Whether you can become everyone depends mainly on your mind, and no one who is narrow-minded becomes everyone. However, Qi Baishi is indeed an exception. Qi Baishi haggles over money, and everything else is easy to say. Qi Baishi’s accomplishments in painting can be said to be a master, but he attaches great importance to money. It is said that how much money to give him determines what the painting will look like, which is a famous trick in the industry.

Once, a friend asked Qi Baishi to draw a picture for free, but he simply drew a picture, which made his friend lose face. Of course, if someone gives a lot of money, Qi Baishi still paints very seriously. For example, a warlord in the Republic of China not only gave Qi Baishi a large sum of money, but also sent a maid. The pinnacle of Qi Baishi’s painting is this work.

In fact, Qi Baishi did this to support his family. When he was young, he was famous for his paintings, but he didn’t have much money. When he was old, he wanted to retire in his hometown, but he was caught in war and couldn’t live a stable life at all. In this way, he was invited by a friend to stay in Beijing and live there by selling paintings.

At that time, Qi Baishi’s paintings were unpopular in Beijing. Others sold four silver dollars for a painting, and he sold two silver dollars, but no one wanted to buy it. Later, he met his noble Chen Shiceng. Chen Shiceng saw Qi Baishi’s paintings and liked them very much. It also points out that he does not imitate his predecessors, but has the artistic spirit of continuous innovation, and encourages him to ignore other people’s views on him, practice in isolation, give play to his personality and go his own way. Qi Baishi later created his own school in the history of Chinese painting, and had to thank Chen Shiceng for his insight and understanding.

Qi Baishi’s experience is very bumpy. It is no wonder that he attaches great importance to money and haggles over money. It is human nature that money is very important, but once someone is rich, he will not be too concerned about money.

"Thrift" in Qi Baishi’s Life

Thinking of grandparents’ generation, many old people are frugal and even stingy. Grandparents spend a penny and break it into two halves. Now the days are still the same. Our younger generation thinks they are too stingy. In fact, they are not stingy, but they are afraid of going back to the past and those days when they can’t eat. Speaking of this, the famous painter Qi Baishi is also a "cheapskate".

Qi Baishi is notoriously stingy in the industry. He is a native of Changsha, Hunan Province. He was born in modern times. China was invaded by western powers, the court was incompetent, and people’s lives were difficult. Qi Baishi lived a very hard life since childhood. When he was very young, he went to help people herd cattle and help his family share it. When he grew up, he followed the village carpenters to learn carpentry and earn money to make a living.

Even if Qi Baishi is famous and rich, he is still very frugal and never spends money lavishly. His childhood, including the hard life before he made his fortune, left an indelible wound on Qi Baishi. There is always a "sense of crisis", but it is very uncomfortable for Qi Baishi to bring this sense of crisis into his life.

Qi Baishi put his family property in a secret place. It is said that only he knows it. He doesn’t even trust his wife and concubines, and he cares about everything himself. This is nothing. But he even has to take care of the nanny, which is somewhat unreasonable for a great painter who is busy. Several times, the nanny at home cooked, and after eating, the nanny wanted to throw away the leftovers, but Qi Baishi didn’t let the nanny throw away the leftovers after seeing them, and later he ate the leftovers himself.

"Generous" Qi Baishi sent a friend a painting of "sky-high price"

Qi Baishi achieved fame and fame all his life, but "stingy" and "stingy" are well known by people, and stingy is synonymous with him. The stories about Qi Baishi’s various meanness are often talked about by people today.

Is Qi Baishi really as stingy as people say? By reading the story behind Qi Baishi, you will find that he is really "too generous", and it is not generally generous, because if you get one of his paintings, you will become a multimillionaire!

Human nature is often like this. The more you demand it, the less you can get it. Qi Baishi treats his friends in the same way. Friends want Qi Baishi to paint for him for free, so he simply draws it. The painting is poor, and naturally it will not be valuable in the future. But the Zhang Ding mentioned above is different. He willingly worked for Qi Baishi, and didn’t buy some food to send to Qi Baishi’s house. In this way, he sent a basket of cherries to Qi Baishi that time, and Qi Baishi happily drew a picture of cherries and gave it back to Zhang Ding, and said to Zhang Ding, "The picture I promised you long ago has never been suitable. I will give you a plate of cherries today."

In this way, a basket of cherries was exchanged for a dish of cherry pictures painted by Qi Baishi. Who would have thought that at an auction in 2010, this painting was sold at a sky-high price of 24.08 million yuan, and this painting became the most valuable of Qi Baishi’s many cherry paintings in one fell swoop. Qi Baishi is also very "generous"! A basket of cherries sent by a friend brought a gift of 20.48 million. If you live in the same era as Qi Baishi, for such an interesting old man, everyone will try their best to be friends with Qi Baishi.

Speaking of this, I think readers have got some understanding of this famous painter Qi Baishi, especially interested in his "stingy" and "stingy". We all laughed at him for being stingy. We never thought that it would be good for Qi Baishi to fill his stomach in those days, nor did we think that our beautiful life today is the result of the hard work of our grandparents and even parents, who survived the hard times, so we should cherish the happy life in front of us and don’t forget the hardships of our elders!

Editor in charge:

How many years can adult undergraduate English be tested? On this issue, I believe that many candidates who want to improve their academic qualifications will have certain interest. In view of this, Xiaobian has compiled some related contents and summarized them as follows. I believe that candidates will have a deeper understanding through the following articles.

How many years can adult undergraduate English be tested?

The validity period of the English test for adult undergraduate degree is generally three or five years. During the validity period, the results can be used to apply for an adult undergraduate degree, or as the basis for students to transfer, transfer or upgrade. However, once the validity period has passed, the results will no longer be valid, and can not be used to apply for adult undergraduate degrees, nor can they be used as the basis for students to transfer, transfer and upgrade.

What are the contents of adult college entrance examination undergraduate degree English test?

It’s not very difficult to take a degree English exam. The topics of the degree English exam in each province are different. The provincial education examination institute unifies the proposition and arranges the exam. The difficulty of the exam is generally about three levels, and the difficulty is not great. The main questions are reading comprehension, words and grammar, cloze, translation and writing.

Reading comprehension is the main part of the English test for the degree of adult examination, which mainly examines the ability to obtain information through reading, which requires both understanding ability and a certain speed of answering questions. Reading and understanding the article is extensive, but the background knowledge involved should be understandable by students, which is moderately difficult.

Then there is the part of word usage and grammatical structure, which is also a difficult question to master in the adult college entrance examination degree English test, which requires a certain grammatical foundation and a good sense of language. It mainly examines students’ ability to use vocabulary, phrases and grammatical structures.

Then there is the fault-finding part, which is actually an extension of the word usage and grammatical structure part. The purpose is to test the proficiency of candidates in mastering vocabulary, phrases and grammatical structures, and its assessment focuses on vocabulary, phrases and grammatical structures, fixed collocation and sentence patterns.

Finally, cloze and translation, which are easy to score in adult college entrance examination degree English test. Cloze articles are moderately difficult, and some options will involve some important grammatical content. However, the difficulty of translating sentences is lower than that of English articles in texts.

The above is the answer to the question "How many years can adult undergraduate English be tested?" I hope Xiaobian’s answer can answer the questions of the candidates. If candidates have other questions about the improvement of adult education, they can pay more attention to the content update of the online channel for continuing education college students.

Now many fitness online celebrity, weight loss network red recommended weight loss action, always come to a sentence:

"Better than running for an hour."

"Much better than your running."

How can any action be better than running to lose weight?

This has caused many people to constantly underestimate running.

But in fact, when it comes to weight loss, running is never bad.

Many people criticize the poor weight loss effect of running, mainly from the fat burning efficiency of running.

"Sticking to this action for 30 times is better than running for an hour and so on."

It’s actually impossible.

It is also an hour’s exercise, so generally speaking, running and burning fat is better.

The picture below is a relatively normal ranking, so jogging ranks third, second only to swimming and high-intensity boxing.

In fact, the fat burning effect of Bobby’s jumping and skipping is also very good.

But the question is, can you do Bobby dance for an hour? Can you jump rope for an hour?

If you can, then you can run for an hour at a faster speed, and the calories consumed are actually similar.

And that kind of waist-twisting dance, square dance, that kind of relaxed and comfortable exercise.

The effect of losing weight can’t be better than that of running. It’s all gimmicks and lies.

The second criticism of running is that it has no shaping effect.

What is shaping? It’s the same 15% body fat. Your belly is big and others’ stomachs are small, which means people have good shaping effect.

Lifting hips, abdomen, losing worship meat and depicting back lines are all shaping.

Running has a good effect on hip and leg shaping and waist and abdomen shaping, but upper limbs have no shaping effect.

The reason why you can’t feel the shaping effect is because your body fat is too high. No matter what exercise, the shaping effect is not obvious.

For people with body fat over 30%, don’t worry about shaping or not, just lose fat.

When your body fat is 15% (25% for women), you need to shape.

At this time, you can obviously feel the tension of abdominal muscles when running. After one hour, it is more profound than practicing several groups of abdominal muscles.

You can also feel the soreness of the hip and leg muscles when running, which still has the effect of shaping the hip and leg.

Moreover, because of this long-term training, the effect of muscle recruitment is quite good, second only to heavy muscle training.

And those bird-dog, flat support and waist twisting movements, the shaping effect of lower limbs and waist and abdomen is actually not as good as running.

Finally, the key point is that the action that claims to be better than running is not necessarily better than losing weight and shaping.

Those who really lose weight and shape better than running, you may not be able to get started.

Bobby’s jumping, skipping and swimming are all better than running. Can you do it?

This screened out a large number of people.

You can do it all? Can you do the same time and density as running?

This once again screened out a large number of people.

You can still do it? At this time, at your physical level, the problem of losing weight is not exercise, but you really need to control your diet.

This level of physical fitness and athletic ability is extremely high. Will you still consider what to practice to lose weight?

For ordinary people, running is really the first choice for most people. Unless you are very heavy, running is applicable.

Many people are looking for efficient ways to lose weight, but in fact, her original meaning is still not to exercise.

It’s not only easy, but also time-saving and better. How can it be so cheap?

So stop looking, lose weight or run honestly, and control your diet at the same time. The effect and efficiency of slimming down are actually quite good.

　　　　Personal file:

　　　　Name: lang ping.

　　　　Gender: Female

　　　　Height: 1.84 meters

　　　　Birthday: December 10, 1960

　　　　Native place: Beijing

　　　　Place of birth: Tianjin

　　　　Nationality: Manchu

　　　　Events: volleyball, and volleyball coach.

　　　　In April 1973, he was elected to the volleyball class of Beijing Workers Gymnasium Junior Sports School. In early 1974, he joined the volleyball team coached by Meng Jinhua, a female volleyball player of Southwest Military Region, entered the volleyball training class of Beijing No.2 Sports School in October 1974, was selected to the second team of Beijing women’s volleyball team, was selected to the first team of Beijing women’s volleyball team coached by Yuan Weimin in 1976, and was elected to the China women’s volleyball team at the end of 1978 as the main attacker of China women’s volleyball team. Vice captain, captain and assistant coach of China women’s volleyball team.

　　　　Lang Ping is one of the "three main attackers" in the world women’s volleyball world in 1980s, and is known as the "iron hammer". She has good physical fitness, strong jumping ability, touching height up to 3.17 meters, varied fast breaks and outstanding online skills. She is famous for her strong attack at the fourth high point and is the core figure in the team.

　　　　Brilliant career record:

　　　　Best result:

　　　　The gold medal winner of women’s volleyball in the 23rd Los Angeles Olympic Games.

　　　　Sports performance:

　　　　In 1978, she cooperated with her teammates and won the runner-up in the women’s volleyball competition of the 8th Asian Games.

　　　　In 1979, he cooperated with his teammates and won the second Asian Volleyball Championship.

　　　　In 1981, he cooperated with his teammates and won the international invitational tournament in Bremen, the former Federal Republic of Germany.

　　　　In 1981, he participated in the third World Cup women’s volleyball match held in Japan, and won the championship in cooperation with his teammates. This is the first time that China women’s volleyball team won the world championship, and it is also the first time that China won the world championship in the three major sports.

　　　　In 1982, she participated in the 9th World Women’s Volleyball Championship held in Peru and won the championship in cooperation with her teammates.

　　　　In 1982, she cooperated with her teammates and won the women’s volleyball championship in the 9th Asian Games.

　　　　In 1984, she participated in the women’s volleyball match of the 23rd Olympic Games held in Los Angeles, USA, and won the championship in cooperation with her teammates.

　　　　In 1985, she won the 4th World Cup Women’s Volleyball Championship, thus achieving the record of "four consecutive championships" in the world’s major women’s volleyball competitions.

CCTV News:There are four seasons in a year,

Every season has different scenery,

And the splendor of heavy snow in winter,

Give a quiet and elegant season.

An unexpected snow,

Bring elegance and romance to Laizhou,

Bring it to the city in white.

Snowflakes are like jade butterflies,

Like dancing drunk;

Like a dandelion blown off,

Gently ying ying;

Like flying,

Conveying the blessings of winter to the world.

The ice fragrance of snow,

Give people a deep heart.

Infiltrated with a light comfort,

Become pure and beautiful.

Snowflakes are flying,

Pile up into a landscape;

Xun Mei in the snow,

Feel a different kind of winter romance;

Appreciate the snow and take pictures,

Leave a memory of this city.

A flying snow,

Illusion of this small town,

The sky is vast, the clouds are light and the wind is light,

Red fruits that have experienced wind and frost,

It is more charming under the embellishment of snow.

Everything in the world is covered with snow,

Everything in the world becomes pure:

There are snow trees, silver flowers and Yushu Qiongzhi everywhere.

At this time, walking slowly along the coastline,

Walking will make you lose your head.

Everything is filtering,

Everything is sublimating,

Everything is purifying,

May all the beauty.

Such as snowflakes come as promised!

Today is Friday! Is everyone a little happy? It’s a pity that the high temperature and heat wave don’t have a holiday, and Zhejiang is still the "folding work".

Yesterday, as of 17: 00, Cangnan (40℃), Hongjia (41℃) and Jiaojiangkou (39.7℃) broke the record of the highest temperature in history; Sanmen (41.8℃) and Yueqing (38.3℃) broke the record of the highest temperature in the same period in July; Wenzhou (41.4℃) and Yongjia (41.7℃) broke the record in the same period in late July.

In this early summer season, it rarely snows in Muli Town, Tianjun County, Qinghai Province.!

You are not mistaken! It just snows!

It is reported that at 22: 00 on the 17th, precipitation began to appear in Muli Town, with strong precipitation at night, which led to the continuous lowering of temperature and sleet weather. By 04: 00 on the 18th, it turned into snowfall, with a cumulative precipitation of 16.8 mm and a snow depth of 3.0 cm. As it is in the early summer season, the temperature is high, and the snow melts quickly. This snowfall weather process has no impact on traffic and livestock foraging, effectively increasing soil moisture and promoting the growth of pasture.

According to the news of "China Meteorologists", yesterday, the five western provinces, namely, western Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Tibet, suffered a very severe cooling. At 7 pm, Lanzhou has dropped to 13℃, which is more than 19℃ lower than the same period yesterday. This is a cold wave in winter; Qinghai and Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province also experienced rare heavy snow at this time, and the local temperature in Sunan of Zhangye dropped to -1℃.

^{Near Wulan, Qinghai, the mountain is white. From @ Zhou Yule and Me}

This drastic cooling was caused by an unexpectedly intensified Mongolian cold vortex. However, it’s midsummer, and it’s dog days. It’s rare for a cold vortex to come forward and make cold air go deep south. It’s impossible to expect it to continue to hit the subtropical high. In fact, this cold vortex can only be managed for two days, and it can’t be managed in central and southern Zhejiang and Fujian, and Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other places where the subtropical high headquarters is located.

By July 24th, with the Pacific subtropical high strengthening again, the strongest summer heat this year is about to begin, and the high temperature in the south may be extreme, and the north including the northeast may be sauna. Please cherish the coolness of these two days (if any), take time to rest and adjust, and prepare for the next round of heat.

_{Comprehensive Source | @ Zhejiang Weather China Meteorological Enthusiasts CCTV News}

Cctv news(Reporter/Yang Wei): By the end of the year, whether to lift the ban on fireworks has once again become a hot topic of public discussion.

On December 26th, the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Municipal Law Commission reported the record review in 2023 to the seventh session of the 14th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). According to a typical case, the report puts forward suggestions on the provisions of some local laws and regulations on "completely prohibiting the sale and discharge of fireworks and firecrackers", arguing that this is inconsistent with the relevant provisions of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and the Regulations on the Safety Management of Fireworks and Firecrackers, and local governments need to amend the ban on burning according to law. This suggestion rekindled people’s expectation of "fireworks flying to welcome the New Year".

The appearance of the "no-burning order" is actually traceable. At the end of 1980s, the incidents of property loss and personal injury caused by setting off fireworks and firecrackers in major cities in China increased year by year, and the safety of fireworks and firecrackers attracted attention. In 1986, the Beijing Municipal People’s Government issued the Interim Provisions on the Safety Management of Fireworks and Firecrackers in Beijing, which involved the prohibition of burning in some places.

In 1988, the Fifth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress proposed to strengthen the production and discharge safety of fireworks and firecrackers. In 1987 and 1993, respectively, Beijing began to implement the management policies and bans on the safety of fireworks and firecrackers. Subsequently, 282 cities including Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Xi ‘an also issued similar laws.

However, during the implementation of the ban, there is still a call for "lifting the ban on fireworks". After discussion and consultation, the policy of fireworks and firecrackers was "forbidden to change restrictions". At the end of 2006, more than 200 cities across the country gradually relaxed restrictions on fireworks and firecrackers.

However, the smog problem has once again triggered a discussion on the prohibition of burning fireworks and firecrackers. In this context, more and more people are in favor of controlling the fireworks and firecrackers. After 2013, the scope of the ban on burning has gradually expanded, and the policy of setting off fireworks and firecrackers has been tightened again.

According to the data of the Ministry of Public Security, in 2017, fireworks and firecrackers were prohibited in 444 cities and restricted in 764 cities. In 2018, fireworks and firecrackers were prohibited in 803 cities above the county level.

By the beginning of 2023, there were many measures to loosen the regulations on setting off fireworks and firecrackers, and changed "prohibition" to "restriction". Shanghai, Liaoning and other places stipulate that fireworks can be set off in specific time periods and specific areas.

CCTV News+reporter interviewed Wang Chengdong, a professor of administrative law at China University of Political Science and Law, and Xie Zhiyong, vice president of the Legal Research Association of Beijing Government and professor of comparative law school of China University of Political Science and Law, to discuss related issues together.

"News+"reporter: What signal did the NPC Law Committee send?

Wang chengdong: This signal is very clear. First, it is a response to the people’s desire to feel the lively atmosphere of Chinese New Year and festivals. Second, in the more than 20 years since 1988, under the background of environmental protection, the restrictions on fireworks and firecrackers have become a kind of prohibition, and it is a universal prohibition. This voice means that the NPC system, including the NPC Law Committee, reflects or guides this comprehensive ban.

From all over the country, this year’s Spring Festival should have a little more "Year" flavor, because this is the voice of the people.

Xie ZhiyongFirst, from the perspective of the implementation of the Constitution and the unification of the national legal system, the Constitution requires all laws, regulations and rules to be consistent with the Constitution, which is the basic requirement of a country ruled by law, or a basic requirement of the Constitution. Laws and administrative regulations do not require that all fireworks and firecrackers be banned, but require all localities to regulate according to their actual conditions.

Second, from the perspective of protecting excellent traditional culture or folk culture, limiting the discharge or banning the burning is actually beneficial to protecting air quality and the safety of urban dense areas, but it also has a negative impact, and the taste of the year is getting weaker and weaker, without the feeling of "one year in the firecrackers", which is actually a great and hidden cultural loss for us.

In a sense, some folk customs related to the Spring Festival now have the characteristics of cultural heritage, which we should protect well, and folk customs also need to be protected by the rule of law, so that people can have a stable expectation.

Third, fireworks and firecrackers are not only related to the issue of discharge, but also supported by the industrial chain. According to the original law, if an enterprise obtains an administrative license, it is a legal operation. If it is closed and banned, it will not only damage the industrial chain, but also damage the trust and interests of ordinary people.

Fourthly, this represents a good start, and such an approach also echoes Report to the 20th CPC National Congress’s special emphasis on building an innovative society. We should carry out innovative development and high-quality development, which is a good opportunity.

"News+"reporter: What is the record review?

Xie ZhiyongFiling review embodies an important constitutional principle of our country. Specifically, the subordinate law stipulated in the Legislative Law must obey the superior law, that is, the subordinate law must be consistent with the provisions of the superior law and cannot conflict. Simply speaking, all laws cannot conflict with the Constitution. The mechanism to ensure this is called filing review system, that is, when the subordinate administrative organ or the lower legislature formulates the subordinate law, it must be reported to the higher legislature.

The specific provisions will be more detailed. For example, some local laws and regulations should be filed with the National People’s Congress and the legal institutions in the State Council, that is, the institutions in the current judicial administrative organs.

"News+"reporter: What do you think of the provisions of local laws and regulations prohibiting the sale and discharge of fireworks?

Wang chengdongIn the past, there was a "one size fits all" situation, which should be viewed from the past time dimension, that is, returning to environmental pollution.

Environmental pollution is not only caused by setting off fireworks, but also by industrial development itself. However, it is undeniable that the pollution caused by the intensive discharge of fireworks and firecrackers in a period of time will increase rapidly.

Therefore, in this context, the demand for air quality will appear, which is also an objective concept. However, starting from the legal norms themselves, the understanding of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in various places is biased and incomplete, and it belongs to legislation with more emotions. This is also an objective reality, so we should now return to reality and return to the legal norms themselves.

"News+"reporter: Do you think we should "relax" the ban on burning fireworks and firecrackers?

Wang chengdongSetting off fireworks and firecrackers is an important traditional culture in China, an effective expression of people’s happiness or sorrow, and it is also a natural right of citizens.

This opportunity provided by the Law Committee is very good, which shows that some traditional powers should be respected and maintained.

In modern society, the relationship between man and nature is becoming more and more tense. Under this background, the traditional natural rights have changed from being comfortable, self-motivated and spontaneous to being restricted or empowered by the state through laws and become a legal right.

With the development of industrialization, environmental damage has led to the damage of people’s health, and the previous concept of complete control is not applicable to the current social environment, so we should look at the problem in two.

In addition, judging from the situation of national legislation, whether it is the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in People’s Republic of China (PRC) or the relevant administrative regulations in the State Council, there is indeed no "one size fits all" for setting off fireworks and firecrackers. China has a vast territory and a large population, and the situation varies from place to place, from city to country, and from region to region in the same city.

The "one size fits all" of local laws and regulations does not meet the requirements of the Air Pollution Prevention Law and relevant administrative regulations.

Therefore, we should treat the problem of setting off fireworks and firecrackers rationally. In principle, we should not blindly "block", but should combine "sparse", "sparse" and "blocked", and combine restriction with guidance.

"News+"reporter: How to set off fireworks and firecrackers is reasonable?

Wang chengdongI think the reasonable way to set off fireworks at present is to set off fireworks in different regions and at different times to allow people to enjoy traditional culture. The noise of fireworks is also a kind of taste.

Mega-cities are densely populated, and unlimited discharge in a short time will not only have a health impact on ordinary people, but also cause greater damage to patients and infants. Therefore, in the areas around hospitals, kindergartens, primary schools and nursing homes, it can be properly controlled, while for other areas, locations can be designated and discharged within a specified time.

At the same time, we should emphasize what kind of environment we should live in, and more choices should be given to the people. Each city has its own characteristics, which should not be too dull. It is more appropriate to decide on the basis of local characteristics, provincial conditions, city conditions, district conditions and county conditions.

Xie ZhiyongIt is undeniable that there may be some dangerous factors and pollution factors in the process of setting off fireworks and firecrackers, which are also objective.

If the local laws and regulations are revised, the production and discharge of fireworks and firecrackers may be resumed to a certain extent, which requires us to further improve the technology. Now science and technology have made great progress, and the disadvantages caused by fireworks in the past can be controlled to some extent. Therefore, can we consider the off-peak discharge in different time periods and different areas?

Of course, this is a good opportunity for several aspects to appear together. In any case, we should keep up with our management measures and avoid the vicious circle of "rushing headlong into a hubbub and dispersing in a hubbub".